Review
Nitrate removal from drinking water using different reactor/membrane types: A comprehensive review
Wael S. Al-Rashed1 and Abderrahim Lakhouit1*
1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741 Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
*Corresponding Author Email: a.lakhouit(at)ut.edu.sa
Wael S. Al-Rashed |
Abderrahim Lakhouit |
Article Number: irjpeh.22.001 | Pages: 1-9 | Vol. 9 (1), February 2022 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.15739/irjpeh.22.001
Received: October 22, 2021 Accepted: December 13, 2021 Published: February 7, 2022
Abstract
Nitrate is considered one of the key contaminants in drinking water sources, particularly groundwater. This could be a result of excessive human activities. Numerous studies have been successfully developed and are still developing eco-friendly and cost-effective treatment techniques for highly efficient nitrate removal from drinking water. Although most of the nitrate removal techniques are physically and chemically based, for example, ion exchange and reverse osmosis, biological treatment is an equally potent approach applied in full scale through autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification. However, many studies are trying to reduce some of the disadvantages of the biological treatment, such as the need for further treatment for microbial or organic carbon removal. This paper addresses some of the conventional nitrate removal approaches and reviews the biological denitrification processes, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the following methods: (i) conventional nitrate removal techniques, (ii) biological denitrification via bioreactor membrane techniques, (iii) membrane bioreactor (MBR), (iv) membrane biofilm-reactor (MBfR), (v) ion exchange membrane bioreactor (IEMBR), and (vi) biofilm-electrode reactor (BER).
Keywords:
Drinking water, nitrate removal, biological denitrification, bioreactor
How to Cite this Article
Al-Rashed WS Lakhouit A(2022).Nitrate removal from drinking water using different reactor/membrane types: A comprehensive review. Int. Res. J. Pub. Environ. Health 9(1):1-9.
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