Dyslipidaemia among antiretroviral therapy-experienced adolescents and young people living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the treatment of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has shifted the illness’s dynamics from acute to chronic disease. This chronic condition has been linked to the emergence of metabolic and morphologic risk factors that predispose to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), which has a detrimental effect on HIV progress. A cross-sectional study of HIV-positive adolescents and young people (AYLHIV) visiting an HIV treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria. Sociodemographic information and antiretroviral treatment history were gathered. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure readings were obtained, and the results were presented as age and gender-adjusted z scores. Fasting triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were also measured. Dyslipidaemia was defined as a low level of High-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) and/or hypertriglyceridaemia in the individuals. The relationship between dyslipidaemia and other variables was investigated using univariate and logistic regression statistics in SPSS version 23, with statistical significance set at P 0.05. The participants’ mean (standard deviation) age was 15.4 (±3.2) years. Dyslipidaemia, low HDL-c, and hypertriglyceridaemia were all present in 44.7 percent, 32.6 percent, and 19.9 percent of the population, respectively. The use of a protease inhibitor-based regimen and an ART duration of 8 years were statistically significant predictors of dyslipidaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. Obesity and hypertension were also found as risk factors for dyslipidaemia. However, only the use of a PI-based regimen and the use of ART for a long period of time (> 8 years) were statistically significant (p≤0.05). Dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected adolescents and young people is linked to protease inhibitor-based ART and a lengthy duration of treatment. There is a need for regular lipid profile assessment in HIV treatment to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is consequences.

Keywords:

Dyslipidaemia, HIV, Adolescents, young people, Nigeria