International Research Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Solanum incanum fruit extract against clinical samples of Staphylococcus aureus collecting from Nakuru Provincial General Hospital Laboratory, Kenya
Kemei. E. Jepkoech |
Ndukui.J.Gakunga |
The use of Solanum incanum for thousands of years to treat various diseases such as; sore throat, stomach ache, head-ache, painful menstruation, liver pain, pneumonia and rheumatism throughout tropical Africa has been great. This has lead to great efforts towards validating the claimed medicinal value as demonstrated in this present study.In this current study we evaluated the percentage yield, phytochemical composition and use of methanolic and aqueous extract of S. incanum as remedy in management of S. aureus infections of patients attending Nakuru provincial General Hospital. In the current study qualitative phytochemical analysis by modified methods of Trease and Evans were used. The zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration activity against S. aureus and obtained by use of Agar well diffusion assay.The aqueous extract of S .incanum had a higher yield of 5.3% as compared to the methanolic extract that had a yield of 4.6%. From phytochemical analysis the basic alkaloids, were strongly present, followed by saponins and Steroid glycosides in parenthesis. While the terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were weakly present. The zones of inhibition of the methanolic and aqueous extract ranged from 6-12mm and 6-9.25mm respectively at a concentration of 0.01 to 100mg/ml with the positive control having a diameter of 12.35mm against the S.aureus. The MIC of S. incanum methanolic and aqueous fruit extract was found to be 0.1mg/ml and 1mg/ml respectively. The currents study support the continuous use of S. incanum in management of wound infection in Kenyan communities caused by S. aureus infections.
Keywords: Solanum incanum, Staphylococcus aureus, Methanolic extract, Aqueous extract, phytochemical composition, Zones of inhibition, Minimum inhibitory concentration
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