Original Research Article
Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of Abelmoschus esculentus L. oil and its suitability in formulation of herbal cream
Emmanuel M. Halilu1,2*, Abdulrahman Lawal2 and Thlama Ludiya3
1Faculty of Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy), Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey.
2Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author Email: emshelia2002(at)yahoo.com
Emmanuel M. Halilu |
Abdulrahman Lawal |
Thlama Ludiya |
Article Number: ibspr.23.005 | Pages: 44-53 | Vol. 11(3), December 2023 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.15739/ibspr.23.005
Received: February 3, 2023 Accepted: June 23, 2023 Published: December 7, 2023
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) is used for its nutritional and health benefits. The research was designed to investigate the phytochemical, biological activities and suitability of the seed oil in the formulation of herbal cream. The seeds were ground to powder and was subjected to organoleptic and physicochemical evaluations. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet apparatus and was subjected to organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical, GC-MS, oral acute toxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial studies. The organoleptic evaluation of the powder seeds revealed brownish colour with characteristic odour, taste and smooth texture. The physicochemical evaluation revealed moisture content (8 %,) total ash (3.67 %,) acid insoluble ash (3 %), alcohol extractive value (1.40 %) and water extractive value (8.8%). The percentage yield of the oil was 8.96 %. The organoleptic evaluation of the oil revealed yellowish colour with characteristic odour, taste and smooth texture. The oil was found to be soluble in organic in some organic solvents. The phytochemical screening of the oil revealed the presence of steroids. The GC-MS revealed the presence of fatty acids and their esters. The physicochemical analysis of the oil showed specific gravity of 0.876, Saponification value of 0.84 (mgKOH/g of oil), acid value of 169.7 (mgKOH/g of oil), ester value of 168.86 (mgKOH/g of oil) and iodine value of 79.31 (gI/100g of oil). The oral acute toxicity (LD50) was greater than 5000 mg/kg in mice. The oil showed IC50 of 0.46 mg/mL against DPPH radical while the ascorbic acid (standard) had IC50 of 11.3 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed zones of inhibitions between 9-13 mm. The herbal cream formulated showed the best texture when 50 % of the oil and beeswax were used. A. esculentus oil possess some therapeutic properties and it may be suitable for formulation of herbal creams.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, acute-toxicity, DPPH, Herbal, GC-MS and physicochemical
How to Cite this Article
Halilu EM, Lawal A, Ludiya T (2023). Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of Abelmoschus esculentus L. oil and its suitability in formulation of herbal cream.Issues Biol. Sci. Pharma. Res. 11(3):44-53. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15739/ibspr.23.005.
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